Solution

(a) We should do our task by concentrating our whole mind upon it and throwing into it all the energy of which we are capable.

(b) We shall never fall if we rise by steady climbing and ensure the faultless completion of small tasks.

(c) The secret of true power lies in rising by steady climbing and learning, through constant practice, how to husband our resources and concentrate them upon a given point at any moment.

(d) The foolish waste their mental and spiritual energy in frivolity, foolish chatter, selfish argument, and wasteful physical excesses.

(e) (i) True

(ii) 'To concentrate' means to focus one's whole mind, attention, or energy upon a specific task or given point.

(iii) Wise

Report on Exhibition on Fashion Designing and Technology

By: Special Correspondent

City, October 15, 2024: A spectacular three-day exhibition on Fashion Designing and Technology was organized at the City Exhibition Centre. The event brought together leading fashion designers, textile technology experts, and students from renowned institutes to showcase the latest innovations in the fashion industry.

The exhibition highlighted modern trends such as eco-friendly fabrics, smart textiles embedded with technology, 3D clothing design software, and automated manufacturing techniques. Interactive stalls displayed digital textile printing and virtual trial rooms, which attracted a large number of visitors and students. Live fashion demonstrations and interactive sessions with industry professionals provided deep insights into how technology is revolutionizing fashion design.

The event concluded with a grand runway show presenting sustainable fashion collections created using advanced digital tools. It proved to be an inspiring and educational experience for all fashion enthusiasts and students.

अथवा

Make notes on the given passage and then make summary of the passage with the help of notes :

Discipline must be enforced early in life. Discipline at home makes the future greatness of a child. It forms his/her character and makes him/her a fit citizen. The child who is allowed to have his/her own way becomes way ward. The child who is allowed all sorts of excesses like running about in the sun, exposing himself/herself to cold, eating wholesome things, will fall ill frequently as a result. A child whose habits have been disciplined and who has been taught to rise early, attend to his/her lessons properly, take physical exercise at the proper time and avoid things that are injurious, will grow up to be a useful member of the society.

उत्तर:

Title: Importance of Discipline in Life

Notes:

1. Importance of Home Discipline:

a. Essential to enforce early in life.

b. Forms character and makes child a fit citizen.

c. Lays foundation for future greatness.

2. Negative Effects of Lack of Discipline:

a. Child becomes wayward.

b. Excessive exposure to heat and cold leads to frequent illness.

c. Uncontrolled habits harm overall health.

3. Traits of a Disciplined Child:

a. Rises early in the morning.

b. Focuses properly on studies and lessons.

c. Takes regular physical exercise.

d. Avoids harmful habits and becomes a useful member of society.

Summary:

Discipline must be taught early in life as it builds character and prepares a child to become a good citizen. Children who are allowed unchecked freedom often become stubborn, develop bad habits, and suffer from frequent illnesses. Conversely, a child raised with proper discipline learns to wake up early, study well, take regular exercise, and stay away from harmful practices, ultimately growing into a valuable member of society.

(i) My father asked what I wanted to do.

(ii) He proposed that we should go out for a walk.

(i) The time of his arrival is not known.

(ii) He is lazy, yet he scored good marks.

(i) A fox is not cleverer than he.

(ii) By whom were you taught grammar last year?

(i) It is I who am to blame.

(ii) He was angry with me.

(i) At sixes and sevens: After the robbery, all the household items were at sixes and sevens.

(ii) Take to heels: On seeing the police, the thief took to his heels.

(i) Break out: Cholera broke out in the city after the heavy floods.

(ii) Go for: The mad dog suddenly went for the pedestrian.

(i) gloom - Darkness, Sadness

(ii) obstacle - Barrier, Hindrance

(iii) flaw - Defect, Imperfection

(iv) overcome - Conquer, Defeat

(i) glory - Shame

(ii) Initial - Final

(iii) humble - Proud

(iv) lack - Abundance

(i) Angler

(ii) Fugitive

(i) Peal, Peel

Peal: A loud peal of thunder shocked everyone.

Peel: She peeled the orange before eating it.

(ii) Check, Cheque

Check: The teacher will check our homework tomorrow.

Cheque: He paid his college fees through a cheque.

Once a young man asked Socrates about the secret of success, so he took him to a nearby river. He took him into deep water and ducked him in it. When he began to lose consciousness, Socrates suddenly pulled him out. As soon as he came out, Socrates asked him, "What did you need the most inside the water?" He replied, "I wanted to breathe." Then Socrates explained to him, "When you feel the need for success as much as you need breath, no one will be able to stop you from becoming successful."

According to the author, the grandmother seemed like a landscape of snow in the mountains, an expanse of pure white serenity breathing peace and contentment. She was short, fat, slightly bent, and her face was a criss-cross of wrinkles.

अथवा

The waves were alarming because they were gigantic, reaching up to 15 metres high, matching the height of the main mast. The roaring sound of the breaking waves and their immense size posed a severe threat to the ship and the lives of the crew.

The grandmother in Khushwant Singh's story "The Portrait of a Lady" was a deeply religious, kind-hearted, and dignified woman. Physically, she was short, fat, and slightly bent, with a wrinkled face and snow-white hair, always dressed in spotlessly white clothes. She was constantly moving her lips in silent prayer and telling the beads of her rosary.

She was extremely affectionate towards her grandson. In the village, she prepared him for school and accompanied him to the temple. She fed stray dogs daily. When they moved to the city, her life changed, but her devotion remained steadfast. Though she disapproved of western education and music lessons, she did not protest loudly. She spent her final years spinning the wheel and feeding sparrows with immense love and peace. Her peaceful death reflected her serene and pious soul.

The Chinese view of art is spiritual and conceptual, whereas the European view is realistic and illusionistic.

A Chinese landscape painter does not aim to reproduce an actual view. Instead, he creates an inner, spiritual, and abstract space. For example, in the story of Wu Daozi, the emperor saw only the outer beauty of the painted landscape, but the painter entered the cave inside the painting and vanished, showing that the spirit of artwork lies beyond physical sight.

On the other hand, European art aims at realistic likeness. A European painter wants the viewer to look at a specific landscape exactly as he saw it. For instance, the painter Quinten Metsys painted a fly on a master's panel so realistically that the master tried to swat it away, believing it was real.

The Laburnum tree is silent, still, and yellowing in the afternoon sunlight of September. Its leaves are turning yellow, and all its seeds have fallen, making it appear quiet and motionless before the bird arrives.

The month of September signifies the autumn season. It represents a period of quietness, silence, and decay, indicated by the yellowing leaves and fallen seeds under the warm yellow sunlight.

The arrival of the goldfinch brings sudden life, excitement, and activity to the silent Laburnum tree. The tree comes alive with twitching chirrups, chitterings, and a tremor of wings, transforming its quiet atmosphere into a vibrant scene.

(i) The Voice of the Rain

Central Idea:

The poem 'The Voice of the Rain' by Walt Whitman presents a conversation between the poet and the rain. Rain explains its continuous, eternal cycle of life. It rises from the land and the bottomless sea in the form of vapor, ascends to the sky, changes its form, and then falls back onto the earth to purify and beautify its own birthplace. Just like music or a poem originates from the heart of a singer and returns to him with love after fulfilling its task, rain also completes its cycle and enriches the earth.

(ii) Childhood

Central Idea:

The poem 'Childhood' by Markus Natten deals with the loss of innocence and the transition from childhood to adulthood. The poet ponders over the exact moment when he lost his childhood. He realizes that growing up involves losing innocence, discovering the hypocrisy of adults who speak of love but do not act lovingly, and gaining an independent mind. Finally, he concludes that his lost childhood has gone to some forgotten place that is hidden in an innocent baby's face.

(iii) A Photograph

Central Idea:

The poem 'A Photograph' by Shirley Toulson is a nostalgic tribute to the poet's mother. It revolves around a photograph showing her mother as a young girl at the beach with her cousins. The poem reflects on three stages of life: youth, middle age, and death. It highlights the transience of human life compared to the eternal nature of sea and time. The poet feels deeply saddened by her mother's loss and the painful silence left behind.

Mrs. Annie Pearson is the central character of the play 'Mother's Day' by J.B. Priestley. She is a loving, gentle, soft-spoken, and devoted housewife who works tirelessly day and night for her family. However, her husband George, son Cyril, and daughter Doris treat her like an unpaid servant, taking her for granted and never thanking or respecting her.

Despite being ignored and exploited, Mrs. Pearson lacks the courage to stand up for herself because of her timid nature. Her neighbour, Mrs. Fitzgerald, helps her by temporarily exchanging personalities with her. As a bold, assertive woman, Mrs. Pearson (with Mrs. Fitzgerald's spirit) teaches her family a lesson by refusing to do routine chores and speaking sternly to them. Ultimately, her family realizes her importance and starts treating her with respect and appreciation.

Mrs. Dorling was an old acquaintance of the narrator's mother, Mrs. S. She re-appeared in their lives during World War II when Holland was under threat of invasion. She offered to keep their valuable household items safe at her own home, claiming she wanted to save all their nice belongings from destruction.

The narrator learned about Mrs. Dorling from her mother during a brief visit home. Her mother told her that Mrs. Dorling had suddenly renewed contact after many years and was taking away their valuable cutlery, silverware, antique plates, and vases piece by piece every time she visited. Mrs. S believed Mrs. Dorling was being generous and kind by taking on the burden of carrying heavy items to protect them, whereas in reality, Mrs. Dorling was greedy and took advantage of the war situation to possess their belongings.

Mrs. Fitzgerald was Mrs. Pearson's neighbour and a strong, clever, and assertive woman. She knew fortune-telling and magic, which she had learned in the East. She helped Mrs. Pearson gain respect in her family by temporarily exchanging personalities with her.

Doctor Ernest Weil did not demand any monetary fee for issuing the medical certificate to Albert Einstein. Instead, he asked Albert to take his friend Yuri out for a meal as his fee, as Yuri was the one who introduced Albert to him.

Whenever Mrs. Dorling visited the narrator's house, she took away a large number of valuable items, such as silverware, cutlery, antique plates, and vases, claiming she wanted to save them safely in her own home during the war.